![]() Ī trend towards abstraction, in which the arrow's fletching is removed, can be observed in the mid-to-late 19th century. At about the same time, arrow symbols were used to indicate the flow of rivers in maps. The arrow is here used to illustrate the direction of the flow of water and of the water wheel's rotation. An early arrow symbol is found in an illustration of Bernard Forest de Bélidor's treatise L'architecture hydraulique, printed in France in 1737. Use of the arrow symbol does not appear to pre-date the 18th century. The convention of marking the eastern direction with a cross is older (medieval). 1504 first used the fleur-de-lis as indicating north in a compass rose ![]() ![]() An older (medieval) convention is the manicule (pointing hand, □). ![]()
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